Urine tests

Urine tests are used for many different reasons. They can diagnose conditions, such as pregnancy, infections, diseases and screen for drug use.

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hCG test

The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test is usually used to confirm or monitor a pregnancy. It can be a blood or a urine test. Learn more here.

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Blood in urine (haematuria)

There are many causes of blood in urine (wee), also called haematuria. Read about the causes, tests and when to see your doctor about blood in urine.

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Magnesium deficiency

Magnesium deficiency is when the body doesn’t get all the magnesium it needs. Read more about magnesium deficiency symptoms, diagnosis and causes.

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Questions to ask your doctor

This guide will help you decide what questions to ask when you see your doctor. You’ll get more out of your healthcare if you're well informed.

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Kidney cancer

Kidney cancer (or renal cancer) grows in the cells of the kidneys. Treatments for kidney cancer are improving, especially if it is detected early.

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Making decisions about unplanned pregnancies

Having an unplanned pregnancy can be an emotional experience. There will be decisions you will need to make, but there are services available to help you through this time.

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Routine antenatal tests

During pregnancy, you'll be offered various blood tests and ultrasound scans. Find out what each test can tell you about you and your baby's health.

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Kidney failure

Kidney failure (renal failure) is when your kidneys no longer work properly. Find out about the causes, symptoms and treatments for kidney failure.

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Delirium

Delirium is a sudden change in your thinking or behaviour. It is most common in older people. Find out more about prevention and treatment here.

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Erythema nodosum

Erythema nodosum is a skin condition consisting of a lumpy, red rash, usually on the lower legs, that can be painful. Learn more here.

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia affects your adrenal glands and causes imbalances in the levels of certain hormones. It can be mild or severe.

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Epididymitis

Epididymitis is inflammation of the tube at the back of each testicle. Find out more about the symptoms, prevention and treatment of epididymitis.

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Kidney pain

Kidney pain is usually felt in your back. It can be a sign of a kidney problem. Find out about the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of kidney pain.

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Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) can be unpleasant, but it will usually improve if treated promptly. Learn about symptoms and treatment here.

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Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is kidney disease that continues to get worse without improving. Find out more about chronic kidney disease.

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Iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disease. Learn about the causes and how to ensure you are getting enough iodine.

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Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis is when muscle tissue breaks down causing a chemical release. It can be life-threatening. Read on for causes, symptoms and treatment.

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Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects your lymphatic system. Find out about the types of lymphoma, plus symptoms and treatments for lymphoma.

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Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder with a wide range of symptoms. Learn what causes Cushing's syndrome and why it is difficult to diagnose.

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Anal pain

Anal pain is pain that you get in your anus (bottom). Learn more about the causes of rectal pain, when to see a doctor and treatments for anal pain.

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Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a condition that can happen in pregnancy, causing high blood pressure. Read about the symptoms and treatment of pre-eclampsia.

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Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases that can affect the brain, heart, joints or kidneys. Learn about causes, diagnosis and treatment.

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Cirrhosis of the liver

Cirrhosis is permanent liver scarring due to various liver diseases and conditions. Discover its nature, symptoms, and treatment options.

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Ebola virus

Ebola virus disease is a rare but often fatal illness. Find out more about Ebola transmission (spread), symptoms and treatment options.

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Vasculitis

Vasculitis is a group of disorders and is caused by inflammation of blood vessels. Read more about vasculitis types, symptoms and treatment options.

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Tests used in diagnosing dementia

Find out more about the tests doctors use to diagnose dementia. Learn about physical and neurological examinations, cognitive tests, x-rays and scans.

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Fluid retention

Fluid retention (oedema) is when you have a build-up of fluid in your body. Find out about the causes, symptoms and treatments for fluid retention.

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Swollen or painful testicle

A swollen or painful testicle can be caused by many things. If the pain is severe, you should visit your nearest emergency department.

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Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is inflammation and infection of the pelvic organs or lining. It can cause serious complications, but is treatable.

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